53. Bathymetry Map

This topographic (hypsometrical) map contours the depths of water bodies (i.e. ocean floors). Its contour intervals are called isobaths and these maps are often used for deep sea navigation and the study of past ocean floors. They are obtained through depth sounding.

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52. Hypsometric Maps

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Hypsometric map gives information on the 'relief' of earth's surface (elevation) using contours or shading such as the map on the left.

51. Ideogram

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Ideograms are cryptic graphic symbols that represent ideas about place. The image to the left is a map of a gene. Each color (strip of color) represents a different gene. This ideogram allows the genes to be mapped out on the chromosome because they can't be observed. It also allows geneticists to keep track of genes and see how they translocate or "move" to another during replication.

50. Isoline Map

Isoline maps and contour maps are synonymous. They use intervals to depict change in the measured variable. This is an isoline map of the January temperatures in Australia. According to this isoline map, the difference between each line is 10deg F.

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49. Topographic Map

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Topographic maps such as this one represent the natural features of a land mass. As you can see, Africa is mostly desert, flat terrain, and jungle. Maps such as these use a variety of methods to convey information (i.e. color, contouring, etc.).

48. Line Graph

Line graphs can serve as maps for continuous data such as sound. This graph allows us to see that sound travels as a wave and not like individual particles. It also lets us know the frequency of the wave; according to this graph this is a sine wave.
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47. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRI's are also a form of remote sensing as well as mapping. They allow healthcare professionals to observe and map out the inside of the human body in a non invasive manner. They serve as maps because many doctors would not be able to treat their patients without images such as these. Thus serving as navigational tools for physicians.

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46. Nominal Area Choropleth Map

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This map is also a Bivariate Choropleth because it maps two variables--1) homeowners 2) race of homeowners.

45. Isopleth

Yet another type of contour map, these maps display data for many variables in the same manner as other contour maps (i.e. isohyet). This particular map represents the sound levels in a given area. According to this map, noise levels are lower in the less developed areas.
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44. GIS Map

Geographic Infomation Systems create maps such as these that compile layers of data to form one maps. For example this map has a aerial view as well as street names to better aid navigation. A real picture would never be able to have this scale and still identify street names, hence the advantage to this type of cartography.
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43. Isohyets

Above is an Isohyetal map (aka rainfall map). These maps spatially represent rainfall levels (in inches) in a given area. According to this map, Waglan is only expected to receive 20-30 inches of rain.

42. Lorenz Curve

This graph is also known as the Laffer Curve, an economic representation of how taxation will benefit a country. In this graph, if taxes are too low no profit will be made and the same for if they are too high. However, if they tax moderately, the most profit will be a result. This is an example of a Lorenz curve. The curve represents the actual distribution of profit.

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41. Index Value Plot

Index value plots operate using index values rather than absolute numbers. Because of this, they are able to point out discrepancies in data. The plot to the left shows the index values for air, soil, and wind indices in the span of a year.

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40. Conformal Projections

This map of the world is also known as a conformal (meaning it holds 'true shape') projection. It is an excellent representation of latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates and is often used for navigation.
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39. Flow Map

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This line map is also known as a flow map; it shows the rate of flow so that someone may avoid congestion. For example, many GPS systems come equipped with a traffic flow embedded in the maps so that you know what routes are most congested. In this map, the thicker lines indicate a heavier traffic flow.

38. Kriging

This is a type of contour map as denoted by the colored lines. This kind of mapping process is more objective means of contouring data.
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37. Proportional Circle Map

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These are a variation of dot density maps; rather than showing density, these maps use circles instead of dots. The circles are proportional to the size of the measured variable rather than the area it covers. More specifically, this is a continuously graded proportional circle map. It indicates that the largest (not densest) Mexican populations are in California and Texas.

36. Data Visualization

This dot distribution also forms a "map" of a 3d orbital electron configuration. Each of the dots represent electrons. The distribution denotes the shape thus allowing scientists to know which orbital this is.
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35. Statistical Map

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This is an example of a statistical map. It is the 3-D view of an the electron cloud in a magnetron. These types of maps are extremely useful visualizations methods for subjects such as physic and chemistry because they help illustrate processes that cannot be observed by the human eye. These images are formed using the mathematical definitions of space and time.

34. Concept Map

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While most maps visualize/organize the physicalities of earth, concept maps do the same for information. These are basically the maps of a thought, theory, or idea. Not only are they guides for understanding information, but they also convey one's thoughts to another. The concept map shown is a map of how to map concepts (ironic huh?) Search engines use this type of mapping to organize results when an inquiry is made (i.e. google, yahoo, etc.)

33. Multivariate Map

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This is also a unclassified choropleth map. The changing colors represent relationships between plant growth and the variables being compared. This particular map uses the multivariate clustering technique.

32. Parallel Coordinate Map

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These maps graphically represent each variable on its own y axis and are used to show relationships between variables. the points where all the lines intersect indicate changes or similarities.

31. DOQQ

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Digital Orthographic Quarter-Quads are another type of topoquad used by the USGS. They are basically aerial photos superimposed on a geometric map. It is a georeferenced map that has had distortion removed.

30. Dot Distribution Map

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Dot distribution maps are another type of planimetric map that are often used to denote densities. By looking at this map, you can tell that the NE coast has the highest density of whatever variable is being presented. In this case it is bird populations. However, density can sometimes be ignored because you don't know if they took area into account with this type of map. This is also an example of a statistical map.

29. Cartogram

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This is a type of thematic map; in this case GDP is the theme. In these types of maps, land area is distorted to illustrate certain information according to other variables. More specifically, this is an area cartogram. Thus, this is one of those maps that could lie to you!

28. Climograph

These graphs are basically the overlapping of a line graph and histogram. They are used to relate temperature and rainfall over a given year. This particular graph indicates that rainfall peaked in August, shortly after the temperature peaked in July. These types of graphs can be useful in determining the effects of global warming.

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27. Cadastral Map

This type of map has the sole purpose of representing the boundaries of each property thus I think it could be said that this type of map is the basis of what we know the U.S. map to look like. Each state and shape is defined by its boundary line and those boundaries are defined by maps such as these.
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26. Star Plot

Star plots allow for multiple characteristic comparisons for one observation. The variable in which all the lines intersects shows a commonality. For example, this graph indicates that design 1 and 2 nearly share the same accuracy.
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25. B&W Aerial Photos

These photos serve as true maps because they are simply mirror images of what was taken. However, they can become outdated very quickly because photos don't capture change unless taken over a period of time. The fact that they are black and white provides more contrast making for a more detailed appearance.
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24. DRG

Digital Raster Graphics are scanned images are also known as topoquads and are the maps that appear in GIS systems. It is a georectified scanned image in the USGS systems. This specific map appears to be dated but could be the same map found in a glove compartment.
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23. Box Plot

Box plots summarize data by showing the median and interval of error. Due to the fact that they indicate level of error, these types of graphs are especially useful in comparing multiple sets of data. Thus, allowing more accurate interpretations. This plot indicates that C-1 has to most error within its data.
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22. LIDAR

This photo is a result of LIDAR remote sensing and is used to capture very detailed surface images. The purpose is to detect surface change over time. Maps are only relevant when they  are up to date which is why this type of remote sensing is so useful. For example, this type of sensing would be useful to see surface change after a volcano because going to physically look could be hazardous. This way changes can be observed accurately and safely. Watch the photo for a few seconds to observe the differences; this photo is also a cartographic animation!
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21. Triangular Plot

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This plot graphically depicts three different ratios and where they intersect is the constant. The white circle represents the point of a certain election and where it stand in regards to the type of votes.

20. Unclassed Choropleth Map

This choropleth map is unclassified, meaning it does not correlate the shaded areas with quantized numbers to the map reader. Because they are unclassified it is easy to manipulate them so that they convey what the mapper wants rather than what is actually true. It neglects whether the map is areally averaged or what techniques were used to obtain the data shown.

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19. Classed Choropleth Map

This map has 5 classification intervals to show the percent of uninsured inhabitants of Texas. There is some clustering indicating that areas 2-7 are more likely to have insured people than areas 9,10, or 11.

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18. PLSS

The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is one of the two national coordinate systems. It is a grid based off of a series of 34 principle meridians and baselines (week 3 notes). It "systematically" coordinates land into townships (N/S) and ranges (EW). This system is used to show ownership. 

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17. Contour Map

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Contour maps are very versatile in regards to the information they represent. Contour maps can portray 3-D information in a 2-D format. Each line is called a contour interval and represents a point where there is no elevational change. This particular map shows elevational change in the form of depressions. The two purple regions represent the lowest points at -4100 feet. 

16. Mercator Projections

Mercator projections are cylindrical projections used to represent the earth's spherical shape on a flat surface. They have true shape and maintain conformality but they distort area. For example this transverse mercator portrays South America as a larger land mass than North America when it is in fact the other way around.

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15. Histogram

Histograms, also known as bar graphs, exhibit tabulated frequency. Similar to a stem-plot it illustrates distribution. This particular graph indicates that the most common score (mode) on the test was an 85%.

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14. Windrose

This type of map diagram is used to depict the general wind direction at a certain location during an allotted observation period. This particular diagram shows a strong wind in the NW direction nearly 5% of the time. 

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13. Doppler Radar

Doppler radar is used to estimate the type of precipitation and the speed/direction of the system (i.e. hurricane, tornado, thunderstorm). Doppler radar images are planimetric, and the colored regions represent isotachs. They indicate that the eye of the hurricane is in Tampa and that heavy rainfall and thunderstorms reach all the way to St. Augustine. This image shows the doppler reflectivities as well as the rotational velocities.

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12. Propaganda Map

According to critical cartography, maps can be designed to deceive and manipulate OR portray the world from a political, social, and/or economic point of view. This specific propaganda map is used to communicate power relations between the U.S. and Russia during the Cold War along with other points. Japan is drawn as a car referencing their ability to "monopolize" the automobile industry (Toyotas are #1 selling brand of car for example). "America" is also portrayed by political affiliations rather than state borders. This map is also an example of the cartographic paradox.

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11. Similarity Matrix

This type of graph is used in gene mapping and convey similarities between different genes. These types of maps can ultimately be used in genetic research to determine what genes are related and how they interact. Dark red indicates high similarity.

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10. Areal Pattern Analysis

This choropleth map is used to track the mortality rates of cervical cancer across the united states. This particular analysis appears to have the most reliable data in the southernmost mid-west area.

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9. Bilateral Graph

This graph shows which countries have decreased their overall greenhouse gas emissions and which ones have increased. The bars in red have all increased while the bars in orange have decreased. Lithuania is indicated as the "greenest" by lowering their emissions 65.7% since 1990!! Good job =)
Bilateral graphs are multitasking graphs in the sense that they depict more than one element while also comparing them to one another.

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8. Line Maps

Flow maps such as this line map are useful in conveying general route or direction. They are often used for bus routes to help direct people toward the correct destination. This map illustrates the bus route to college department locations relative to each other for Durham University. Although this particular map does not represent location relative to NESW, one can still navigate their way using it.

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*click the link that says 'abstract map' to see the image

7. Photographs

 

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Photographs are also maps because they capture and convey information about an object in space and time. These photos all represent different properties about the places photographed.

6. DEM

Digital Elevation Maps are high-resolution raster-based images produced by the USGS that are used to represent terrain elevations. These hypsometric maps are often 3-D rather than 2-D. This particular topographic map incorporates color to further illustrate dimensions. I am assuming that the white areas are highest in altitude while the brown/gray areas are lowest or flat.

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*click the link that says '10 m resolution DEM of Chittenden quad as an image file (chittenden_dem.jpg)' to see photo. 

5. Scatter Plot

Scatterplots are often used to visualize trends or correlations between variables. This particular plots shows a strong (because the points tightly surround the trendline), positive (because the trend is going up and to the right) correlation between white fertility and Bush's Share of vote. Basically, white women with more children were more likely to vote for Bush. Statistical representations such as this one make it very easy to interpret data.

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*must click link on the page that says "a scatter plot" in order to see the image.

4. Stem & Leaf Plot

This stem and leaf plot is used to display the distribution of infant mortality in Western Africa. It is hard to deduce the mode of this plot because the distribution is similar at multiple values.


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